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The concepts of assent and consent are crucial in ethical decision-making across various contexts, standing as fundamental principles to ensure respect and autonomy. Despite their importance, the subtle differences between these terms are often overlooked, leading to misunderstandings. Understanding the disparities between assent and consent is vital in bodily autonomy and medical procedures, where clarity...

Many people believe that parents should be free to make any decision for their children whatsoever. However, there ARE limits to parental decision-making, and many of these are inscribed in law. For example: · It is illegal to tattoo a child, whether the child’s parent approves or not. · Parents cannot force their minor children...

The argument against circumcision is founded on an unwavering commitment to bodily autonomy and the irrefutable benefits of remaining intact. Across cultures and through the annals of history, circumcision has been practiced for a myriad of reasons — yet today’s enlightened understanding of human rights and medical ethics calls for a staunch opposition to this...

Circumcision, an irreversible surgical procedure that involves removing the foreskin from the tip of the penis, has been mutilating boys and men for centuries. While infant circumcision is more common, adult circumcision has sparked debates across various viewpoints.  This article will explore the costs linked to adult circumcision, shedding light on both the explicit financial...

Circumcision, the surgical procedure involving the removal of the foreskin covering the tip of the penis, has deep historical roots spanning millennia. It is intertwined with cultural, religious, and medical practices worldwide. Conversely, the decision to remain intact, preserving the foreskin, presents a range of benefits and considerations that are often overshadowed by the prevalence...

The practice of circumcision, a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis, has been a topic of intense debate and discussion. This article aims to provide a comprehensive timeline-based perspective on the physical and psychological impacts of circumcision on boys, emphasizing the importance of understanding their experiences in greater detail. Pre-Circumcision: The Anticipation...

Driven by a fervent commitment to bodily autonomy and human rights, pioneers of the movement to end circumcision coined the dynamic terms “intactivist” and ‘intactivism” to describe the actions and mobilization of those who advocate for the preservation of the male foreskin and oppose the practice of medically unnecessary circumcision. This article presents practical ways...

Injuries, trauma, and other complications of infant circumcision in the U.S. are so underreported that even health professionals don’t know the extent of this issue.  If health professionals don’t know the considerable risks of this common surgery, how can they convey that information to expectant parents? This article highlights the factors contributing to this significant...

White Papers Access in-depth analysis and research findings on circumcision data. White Paper PDF Downloads INTACT AMERICA: A Tipping Point Strategy Download CGC as an ACE Download PDF Title PDF description text here Download PDF Title PDF description text here Download PDF Title PDF description text here Download PDF Title PDF description text here Download...

Discussions of whether or not to keep your son’s penis intact have been gaining increasing momentum. With the intactivist movement calling for a comprehensive understanding of the dangers and consequences of circumcision, what was once regarded as a customary minor medical procedure has become controversial, with passionate discussions about the physical, emotional, psychological, and ethical...

Marilyn

Marilyn Fayre Milos, multiple award winner for her humanitarian work to end routine infant circumcision in the United States and advocating for the rights of infants and children to genital autonomy, has written a warm and compelling memoir of her path to becoming “the founding mother of the intactivist movement.” Needing to support her family as a single mother in the early sixties, Milos taught banjo—having learned to play from Jerry Garcia (later of The Grateful Dead)—and worked as an assistant to comedian and social critic Lenny Bruce, typing out the content of his shows and transcribing court proceedings of his trials for obscenity. After Lenny’s death, she found her voice as an activist as part of the counterculture revolution, living in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco during the 1967 Summer of Love, and honed her organizational skills by creating an alternative education open classroom (still operating) in Marin County. 

After witnessing the pain and trauma of the circumcision of a newborn baby boy when she was a nursing student at Marin College, Milos learned everything she could about why infants were subjected to such brutal surgery. The more she read and discovered, the more convinced she became that circumcision had no medical benefits. As a nurse on the obstetrical unit at Marin General Hospital, she committed to making sure parents understood what circumcision entailed before signing a consent form. Considered an agitator and forced to resign in 1985, she co-founded NOCIRC (National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers) and began organizing international symposia on circumcision, genital autonomy, and human rights. Milos edited and published the proceedings from the above-mentioned symposia and has written numerous articles in her quest to end circumcision and protect children’s bodily integrity. She currently serves on the board of directors of Intact America.

Georganne

Georganne Chapin is a healthcare expert, attorney, social justice advocate, and founding executive director of Intact America, the nation’s most influential organization opposing the U.S. medical industry’s penchant for surgically altering the genitals of male children (“circumcision”). Under her leadership, Intact America has definitively documented tactics used by U.S. doctors and healthcare facilities to pathologize the male foreskin, pressure parents into circumcising their sons, and forcibly retract the foreskins of intact boys, creating potentially lifelong, iatrogenic harm. 

Chapin holds a BA in Anthropology from Barnard College, and a Master’s degree in Sociomedical Sciences from Columbia University. For 25 years, she served as president and chief executive officer of Hudson Health Plan, a nonprofit Medicaid insurer in New York’s Hudson Valley. Mid-career, she enrolled in an evening law program, where she explored the legal and ethical issues underlying routine male circumcision, a subject that had interested her since witnessing the aftermath of the surgery conducted on her younger brother. She received her Juris Doctor degree from Pace University School of Law in 2003, and was subsequently admitted to the New York Bar. As an adjunct professor, she taught Bioethics and Medicaid and Disability Law at Pace, and Bioethics in Dominican College’s doctoral program for advanced practice nurses.

In 2004, Chapin founded the nonprofit Hudson Center for Health Equity and Quality, a company that designs software and provides consulting services designed to reduce administrative complexities, streamline and integrate data collection and reporting, and enhance access to care for those in need. In 2008, she co-founded Intact America.

Chapin has published many articles and op-ed essays, and has been interviewed on local, national and international television, radio and podcasts about ways the U.S. healthcare system prioritizes profits over people’s basic needs. She cites routine (nontherapeutic) infant circumcision as a prime example of a practice that wastes money and harms boys and the men they will become. This Penis Business: A Memoir is her first book.